Despite, although, lest and more

Although Vs. Though:

AlthoughThough如當連接詞, 兩者可互換, 都是雖然、儘管或不過的意思。

Although he is doing pretty well, I think he has room for improvement. = Though he is doing pretty well, I think he has room for improvement.
雖然他表現很好, 我認為他有進步的空間。

I have lots of respect for my boss, although I don't agree with him from time to time. = I have lots of respect for my boss, though I don't agree with him from time to time. = I have lots of respect for my boss, even though I don't agree with him from time to time.
儘管我有時不認同我老闆,我非常尊重他。

My sister is coming to town this weekend, although I don't know exactly when. = My is coming to town this weekend, though I don't know exactly when.
我姐這週末會來,不過我不知何時。

As though, 好像的意思, 這裡就不能與Although互換:

You look as though you haven't slept for days.
你看起來好像幾天沒睡了。

Though能當副詞放句尾,而Although則不行:

My brother and I live in the same city. We rarely see each other, though.
我和我哥住同一個城市。可是我們很少見面。

Despite Vs. In spite of:

DespiteIn spite of兩者可在任何情況下互換, 儘管或不管的意思。
John went to work despite his neck injury. = John went to work in spite of his neck injury.
John不管他的頸部傷, 還是去上班。

John finished the race despite hurting his left leg. = John finished the race despite the fact that he hurt his left leg. = John finished the race in spite of hurting his left leg. = John finished the race in spite of the fact that he hurt his left leg.
John儘管傷了他的左腳,仍把比賽跑完。

Notwithstanding, 是儘管的意思,與Despite是同意字, 但可放句前與句尾:

Notwithstanding the mistakes he made, I'm still going to give him a chance. = The mistakes he made notwithstanding, I'm still going to give him a chance. = Despite the mistakes he made, I'm still going to give him a chance.
儘管他犯過的錯誤,我仍然要給他一個機會。

NeverthelessNonetheless基本上是同意字, 是雖然如此的意思, 通常是可互換的:

I listend to this topic many times already, his take on it was refreshing nevertheless = I listened to this topic many times already, his take on it was refreshing nonetheless.
我已聽過這話題許多次了,雖然如此他對此話題的看法是與眾不同的。

Being a rivalry for many years, they nevertheless get along with each other. = Being a rivalry for many years, they nonetheless get along with each other.
他們競爭多年, 雖然如此仍相處得來。

Lest, 以免:

Let's buckle our seat belts lest we get ejected from the car in an accident.
我們扣住安全帶吧, 以免發生車禍時被彈出車外。

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