我們說幾個大家都熟悉的可數名詞, 像是:
"Hand"和"car"。
I hurt my hand.
我傷到我的手。
在這裡"hand"是可數名詞單數,前面要冠詞,像是"The"或是"A", 或是所有格,像是這句話的my、his或是her。
所以:
I hurt hand(不正確,"Hand"前面缺少冠詞或是所有格)
I hurt my hand.(正確)
I hurt the hand.(正確, 你會用"The"這冠詞前提是聽眾知道你在說哪一隻手)
A: what happened to your left hand?
你左手怎麼了?
B: I hurt the hand.(這個對話A知道B指的是左手)
我傷到這支手。
I see a hand raised.
我看見一隻手舉起來。(這裡用"a"不用"the",因為重點不在哪ㄧ個人的手)
I see hands raised.
我看見手舉起來。("Hands"是複數, 前面可以不用冠詞或是所有格, 此句沒冠詞意味著有兩個人以上舉起手,但重點不在哪些人的手)
I see many hands raised. = I see a lot of hands raised. = I see lots of hands raised.
我看見許多支手舉起來。
I see plenty of hands raised.
我看見足夠多的手舉起來。
I see few hands raised.
我幾乎沒看見有手舉起來的。
I see a few hands raised.
我看見幾支手舉起來。("few" 會比"a few"再更少)
I see some hands raised.
我看見一些手舉起來。
再來我們用car做個練習:
A: What happened to you?
你發生什麼事了?
B: I almost got hit by a car.
我幾乎被抬車撞到。(這裡冠詞用"a", 因為重點是幾乎被車撞, 而不是哪ㄧ台車)
A: Did you see that car speeding on the street?
你有看到那台車在路上飆車嗎?
B: Yes, I almost got hit by the car.
是啊,我幾乎被這一抬車撞到。(這裡冠詞用"the", 因為A知道B指哪一台車, 那一台飆車的車也是B要表達的重點)
There is car on the street.(不正確,"Car"前面缺少冠詞或是所有格)
There is a car on the street.
街頭上有一輛車。(這裡用"a"不用"the",因為重點 在於有車不在於哪ㄧ台車)
There are cars on the street.
街頭上有車。("Car"是複數, 前面可以不用冠詞或是所有格, 此句沒冠詞意味著街頭上有兩台以上的車,但重點不在哪幾台車)
There are many cars on the street.=
There are a lot of cars on the street.=
There are lots of cars on the street.
街頭上有許多車。(現在的美式英文"Lots of" = "A lot of"兩者都可用在可數與不可數名詞)
There are plenty of cars on the street.
街頭上有足夠多的車。("Plenty of"可以用在可數與不可數名詞)
There are few cars on the street.
街上幾乎沒車。("few"與 "a few"只能用在可數名詞, "a few"比"few"多一些)
There are a few cars on the street.
街頭上有幾台車。
There are some cars on the street.
街頭上有ㄧ些車。("Some"可用在可數與不可數名詞)
我們再來講一些單數可數名詞前面不須冠詞或所有格的特殊例子:
This piece of artwork was done by hand.
這個藝術作品是手工的。
I go to school by car.
我是搭車去學校的。
有沒有發現,這邊的hand與car都是單數,但前面卻不須冠詞或所有格,關鍵在於當你把"By"這個介系詞當做是"經由",後面接的單數可數名詞是不須冠詞或所有格的。
還有像是:
Home、 Work、Jail、Church、Bed、 School、University/College或是四季(Summer/Winter/Spring/Fall), 這些單數可數名詞前面也有不須冠詞或所有格的時候~
I will be home by 7 o'clock tonight.
我在七點以前會到家。
Are you still at work?
你還在工作的地方嗎?
The convicted criminal is going to jail soon.
這個被判罪的罪犯將快要入監獄了。
She goes to church on Sunday.
她周日都去教會。
When do you go to bed?
你平日幾點去睡覺?
I am at school right now.
我現在在學校。
I attended university six years ago.或是I attended college six years ago.
我六年前上過大學了。
Summer is coming.
夏天要來到了。
The number of something VS.A number of something (時常被搞混的)
"something"須是可數名詞複數。
The number of people who use the internet (is) increasing.
使用網站的人數正在增加。
A number of people (are) going to the party.
有些人要去這派對。
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