使用介係詞:上集/Rules for prepositions I

讓我們幫助您學會如何正確使用介係詞。

第一個要講的是About:

About當是"關於"來說:

A: What is the topic about?
這個主題是跟什麼有關呢?
B: The topic is about climate change.
主題是關於氣候的變化。
再一個例子:
Do you have any information about the concert?
你有任何關於演唱會的資訊嗎?

About當是"對於"來說:

I'm very worried about the meeting.
我對這會議很擔心。

About當是"大約"來說:

My house is about two blocks away from here.
我家從這裡大約兩個街區。

用到"About"的片語:

Think about someone~想著一個人
I'm thinking about you.
我正在想著你。
Crazy about something ~瘋一件事
He is crazy about basketball.
他很瘋藍球。
Go about doing something~開始去面對某些情形
How do you go about solving the problem?
你要如何開始解決這問題呢?

不正確的使用方式:

He is very intelligent about math(不正確)
He is very smart about math(不正確)
一般是不用"Intelligent about something"或是"Smart about something"來表達善長於某件事。
可以說:
He excels at math.(正確)或是He is good at math.(正確)都能表達數學是他的專長。
上面用的介系詞是"At", 也就是我們下一個要講的介系詞。

At這個介系詞可以有"在"的意思, 一般是用在某個地點/場合:

She is at home.
她在家裡。
She ate at the restaurant.
她有在餐廳吃了。
He is at a party.
他在一個派對。
He is at a wedding.
他在一個婚宴。

剛剛提到"At" 也能用在對某件事擅不擅長像是說:

She is great at math.
她數學很棒。
He is bad at cooking.
他煮飯技術差勁。

At還能用在像是說:
Look at someone~看著一個人
Stare at someone~凝視著一個人
Yell at someone~對著一個人嚷
Mad at someone~生一個人的氣

不正確的使用方式:

She is angry about me.(不正確)
Angry用法:
Angry with someone~生一個人的氣(with這個介系詞下集會提到)
She is angry with me.(正確)
她生我的氣。
Angry at something~ 對一件事生氣:
I'm angry at his absense.
我對他缺席的這件事感到生氣。

下一個要講的介系詞是"By" :

"By"能當"經由":

I go to work by train.
我搭車去工作。
I go to work by a train(不正確, 這裡接介系詞"by"是當"經由", 後面的交通公具前面不用冠詞, 除非是有特定的"Train"就會加"The")

"By"能當"旁邊":

Joe spent his whole day by the beach.
Joe花了一整天在海灘旁邊。

"By"也能用在數量的增減:

Online users will increase by a lot this year.
今年的網站使用者將會增加許多。

"By"也能接在被動語態後:

The book was written by me.
這書是我寫的。
The boy was bitten by a snake.
這男孩被一隻蛇咬。
The job was done by Smith.
這工作是Smith完成的。

用到"By"的片語:

By mistake~不小心
I put milk in the freezer by mistake.
我不小心把牛奶放在冷凍庫裡了。
By any chance~一種客氣的方式來強調你要問的問題。
Did you by any chance see her in the office?
你有在辦公室看到她嗎?
One by one~一個一個
I counted the boxes one by one.
我一個一個數了這些箱子。
Get by~有剛好足夠的資源渡過難關
We can get by with eating two meals a day.
我們在這困難期間, 一天吃兩餐已足夠。
Survived by~仍存活下來
The hero is survived by his two daughters.
這個英雄兩女兒仍存活著。

"For"能當"給":

I have good news for you.
我有好新聞要給你。
These sandwiches are for you.
這些三名治是要給你的。

"For"能當"為了":

The hero died for the people.
這個英雄為了人們而死。
I will do anything for you.
我會為你做任何事情。

"For"能當"對於":

I have something to announce for everyone who's at the meeting.
我對於每一個在會議的人有一些事要宣布。
This is good news for everyone.
這對每個人來說都是好消息。

For也能用來接第幾次的場合:

I'm in Alishan for the second time.
這是我第二次到阿里山。

For還能用來表達某件事情的時間長度:

I walked for 2 hours.
我走了兩個小時。

不正確的使用方式:

I exercise everyday for improving my physique.(不正確)
I exercise everyday to improve my physique.(正確)
I exercise everyday in order to improve my physique.(正確)
為了要讓我的身材更好, 我每天運動。
如果For是當做"為了"來講,之後接的受詞只能是名詞,不能是動名詞。 比方說:
I'm going home early for my dog.(這個是OK的)
我為了我的小狗要提早回家。(for是當"為了"來講,之後接的受詞是名詞"My dog")
但不能說:
I'm going home early for taking my dog outside.(不正確, "taking"是動名詞而"for"是當"為了")
I'm going home early to take my dog outside.(正確)
我為了要帶小狗出去要早點回家。

For如果是當"對於",是能接動名詞的:

Thank you for helping me.
感謝你們對我的幫助。

In這個介系詞可以當"在什麼之內或之中":

I'm in his house.
我在他家。
I'm in the hospital.
我在醫院裡。

I'm in college. /I'm in school.
我在上大學。/我在上學。

In這個介系詞可以接一個人的穿著顏色:

Lady in red~紅衣女士
Men in Black~黑衣男士

"In"能當"對於":

Maria is interested in him.
Maria對他感興趣。
I have faith in you.
我對你有信心。

用到"In"的片語:

Believe in~堅信
I believe in religion.
我堅信宗教。
In trouble~遇上麻煩
He is in trouble.
他遇上麻煩。
In shape~身體健康
She is in shape.
她身體健康。
In contrast to~相反的
This is in contrast to what you said.
這跟妳說的是相反的。

不正確的使用方式:

I'm in my home.(不正確,home本身是自家的意思, 不需my放在前面, 另外呢,一般在自家是會放at這個介系詞在前面, 而不是in。 別人家就會用in)
所以是:
I'm at my house./I'm at home.
我在家裡。
你唯一會說"I'm in my house"的情況是在特意強調我是在房子裡面而不是像是在花園或是庭院。至於"I'm in home"是不正確的。 再舉個例子:
She is in her friend's house.(正確)
她在她朋友家。(因為在別人家,我們習慣是用in而不是用at)

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